War Conditions Research Articles

Factors Influencing Parents’ Choice of Educational Institution in Challenging War Conditions: A Case Study of a Private Ukrainian School

ABSTRACT The study, conducted amidst the war in Ukraine in 2023, assesses the impact of schools’ decisions on families’ choices upon returning to the country. It involves surveying and analyzing data from interviews with parents of a Ukrainian private school. Findings highlight factors like child-centric approaches, fostering independence, and transparent school processes as crucial for parents. These trends, centered on returning to familiarity and building trust through transparent communication, offer guidance for other institutions in similar circumstances.

THE INFLUENCE OF MILITARY EVENTS AS A SOCIALLY STRESS FACTOR ON THE SUICIDE MORTALITY RATE

Introduction. Russia's aggression, which began in 2014 with the occupation of Crimea and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, is considered a powerful long-term socially stressful factor. The suicide rate, as an indicator of troubles in society and its health as a whole, helps to identify a vulnerable contingent of the population and evaluate the effectiveness of state preventive measures implemented in socially stressful conditions. The aim: to investigate the dynamics of suicide mortality in Ukraine for the period 2005-2021. and the impact on this indicator of a socially stressful factor – Russian aggression in order to determine the stability of Ukrainian society in the conditions of war, identify the most vulnerable contingent of the population and evaluate the state's multi-selective approach aimed at preventing suicide. Materials and methods. The research materials were official statistical data from the "Population of Ukraine" reports of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2005-2021. Cases of suicide of men and women in the period 2005-2013 served as a comparison group. The analysis provided for the clarification of annual rates and dynamics of suicide mortality and its gender characteristics during the period of the social stress factor in 2014-2021, in comparison with the control period and world indicators (WHO). Bibliographic, epidemiological, analytical, statistical methods were used in the research. Results. In Ukraine, as well as in the world, in the period 2005-2021, a decrease in the death rate due to suicides is noted, however, the Ukrainian rates significantly exceed the world rates. In a relatively prosperous period, the mortality rate due to suicide was 20.8±0.3, and it decreased statistically significantly (p<0.001) to 16.1±0.36 in the socially stressful period of 2014-2021. The number of suicides among the male population significantly exceeds its number among the female population and is significantly higher than the world indicators, in contrast to the female population, where the indicators are even lower. During the socially stressful period, the number of suicides among men remains reduced to 28.76±0.92 (р<0.001) and among women to 5.64±0.3 (р<0.05), with more stable rates of decline among women. Conclusions. In Ukraine, there is a dynamic decrease in the number of deaths due to suicides, which correlates with global indicators. However, our country, despite the faster rate of decline of this indicator, still belongs to the countries with a high rate of suicide mortality. During the military events of 2014-2021, the death rate from suicides decreased significantly, compared to the previous relatively prosperous period of 2005-2013 (p<0.001), which indicates the stability of Ukrainian society in war conditions. Mortality due to suicides in Ukraine significantly prevails among men (p<0.001) and significantly exceeds global indicators, which makes them a vulnerable contingent of the population that needs socially oriented support. The positive dynamics of the decrease in the number of suicides among men (p<0.001) and women (p<0.05) in the conditions of war testifies to the effectiveness of the state's multi-selective approach aimed at preventing suicide.

GERIATRIC ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL-SOCIAL, PALLIATIVE AND HOSPICE CARE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WAR: COMBINATION OF MEDICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS

The aim of the study is to characterize, from the point of view of geriatric aspects, the current problems of the organization of medico-social, palliative and hospice care (PHC) and social services for palliative care in the war conditions based on multidisciplinary, interagency and inter-sectoral approaches, as well as a combination of medical, psychological and social problems. Materials and methods. The research materials were scientific literary sources and regulatory documents. A pilot survey of 200 people was conducted to study the psychological state and psychological support needs of the elderly and internally displaced persons (IDPs). The survey results of 3,705 client’s questionnaires of the “Vseturbota” Project were also evaluated, of which 63.6 % are people aged 67-84 years, 26.4 % are 85–101 years old. The following research methods were used in the work: bibliosemantic, sociological, system approach and system analysis. Results and discussion. After February 24, 2022, IDPs will experience significant difficulties, suffer from reduced income, increased dependence on humanitarian aid, do not feel safe and protected. All these are reflected in their psychological state. It was found that among respondents aged ≥75 years had the most people with medium (57.1 %) and low (25.0 %) levels of anxiety, 71.4 % had a low level of mood. 32.17 % of the “Vseturbota” Project clients needed additional consultation with a family doctor, 3.83 % needed consultation with a psychologist, and 3.35 % with other specialists. Most often, they needed help around the house (26.02 %), buying medicines/foodstuff (22.43 %), 34.97 % needed information, and 13.36 % needed psychological counseling. An important condition for providing geriatric patients, including IDPs, with affordable, high-quality and effective PHC is the creation of a system and service of ambulatory/mobile and inpatient PHC facilities and medico-social care. Conclusions. The military aggression of the Russian Federation caused considerable suffering to the population of Ukraine. The state of anxiety and fear has a negative impact not only on the psycho-emotional, but also on the physical sphere of the elderly, which necessitates the implementation of psychological services and effective strategies for overcoming stress and distress, which requires the development and implementation of mechanisms for interagency coordination and cooperation, involving and training of multidisciplinary teams’ specialists and volunteers, effective advocacy activities, etc.

Agency under German Occupation: Conservationist Policy-Making in The Netherlands, 1940–1945

The paper provides a political history of nature conservation in the Netherlands during the Second World War, 1940–1945. Nature and nature conservation were not mere victims of Nazi German oppression or destruction; rather, conservationist organisations clearly had agency under difficult circumstances. The movement’s leaders were accustomed to using informal contacts, semi-formal arrangements and back channel deals with government authorities and agencies, and continued to exert influence on the new Department of Education, Science and Protection of Culture with considerable success after 1940. Although these consultation structures and the Department’s power to impose measures by decree could not always prevent severe damage, this story sheds new light on the history of the nature conservation movement as an historical actor in its own right under the conditions of war and occupation. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .

TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF UKRAINIAN BANKS

This article examines the peculiarities of the management of assets and liabilities of Ukrainian banks in the conditions of significant structural transformations of the resource base during the period of martial law. The analysis is carried out at the level of homogeneous structural and functional groups of banks (SFGBs), which are formed using published reporting data and the application of Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM). Accumulation of statistical data has been carried out for 5 years, special attention is paid to structural changes in the resource base and directions of placement of bank assets over the past two years.Over the past two years, the bank has been under the influence of shock factors affecting assets and liabilities. At the beginning of 2022, there was an outflow of funds from bank accounts, which was gradually compensated by the inflow of current funds from corporations and the population of individuals. In 2023, the National Bank of Ukraine actively stimulated the development of the term resource base, the basis for ensuring the growth of credit operations. Transactions with state securities continue to grow in the structure of bank assets. The priority task of the banking system remains the financial support of business, but in the conditions of a full-scale war, such development of credit operations is limited. It is expedient to study the strategy of banks by combining the structure of assets and liabilities according to similar characteristics and analyzing the dynamics of groups. Observation of homogeneous groups confirms their stable nature, features of strategy, risk profile and development priorities. It has been proven that banks within homogeneous SFGBs demonstrate similar behaviour in the formation of management strategies and reactions to internal and external shocks. At the macro level, the SOM structure allows you to quantitatively assess the main processes taking place in the banking system, conduct comparisons with maps, and identify problems and priorities in the management of bank assets and liabilities. The SFGB method allows you to evaluate the trajectory of individual banks on the map and develop recommendations for improving the strategy of managing assets and liabilities.

Development of the tourism and recreation potential of Ukraine in the conditions of war

The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of development of the tourism and recreation potential of Ukraine during the war years and search for ways to restore it in the post-war period. The research methodology is based on the use of the following methods: structural-logical analysis and generalization; generalization and systematization; analysis and synthesis; schematic and graphic image. Also used are rationalist models, methods of geospatial analysis – zoning, analysis of territorial differentiation, cartographic. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the state of tourism and recreation of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war was investigated. In addition, for the first time, the dynamics of tax revenues from the tourism industry for 2021-2023 were analyzed by regions of Ukraine, and it was also determined that the strategy of the general spatial development of Ukraine should provide for the reorganization of the economic space for the creation and development of promising centers of economic development and growth, demonstration of economic potential of territories, development of human capital. Conclusions. In the course of the research, it was determined how the full-scale war affected the development of domestic and inbound tourism in Ukraine; an interim assessment of damaged and destroyed objects of the country’s historical and cultural heritage, bombed, burned and polluted protected areas and natural resources of Ukraine was carried out; the main challenges in the tourism industry of Ukraine arising as a result of the war were determined, the change in priorities of tourists in choosing regions for recreation and traveling in Ukraine was investigated; the project of the recovery plan of Ukraine was considered; the main tasks of restoring the tourist infrastructure of Ukraine in the post-war period are defined, which include: the reconstruction of the tourist infrastructure, the development of domestic and inbound tourism in Ukraine, institutional support for tourism operators and business development; considered the trends of the tourism industry of Ukraine at this stage of development, taking into account the socio-economic and political situation in the country.

The relevance of studyng the history of Ukraine in institutions of higher education in today's conditions

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for a thorough study of the discipline “History of Ukraine” in Ukrainian universities as a guarantee of strengthening the sense of national dignity and national identity of the Ukrainian people in the conditions of the Ukrainian-Russian war among student youth. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism and scientific objectivism. During the research, universal methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, synthesis, inductive, deductive), as well as special methods of historical research (retrospective, chronological, historical-comparative) were used. Scientific novely. An analysis of the policy of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine aimed at introducing European norms and standards into the national educational sphere was carried out. It is noted that the way to optimize educational programs by reducing the study of socio-humanitarian disciplines does not take into account the national specificity of Ukraine and does not correspond to the current stage of the existence of Ukrainian statehood. It is proved that the study of national history in institutions of higher education should be carried out at a deep theoretical level against the background of the pan-European historical process and be provided with appropriate educational and methodological literature. Conclusions. It is emphasized that in the conditions of a full-scale war unleashed by Russia against Ukraine, deep knowledge of the historical path of our people, the origins of its identity is the basis for the education of patriotism, the formation of a sense of national dignity. The chronological principle of history teaching, characteristic of the school course, does not give an opportunity to see the historical path of our people in perspective, against the background of pan-European processes, to understand the naturalness and inevitability of Ukraine’s European choice. At the current stage of our country’s existence, the return of the discipline “History of Ukraine” to the system of higher education as a mandatory component of educational programs of all specialties is an important task. The teaching of national history in institutions of higher education should be carried out in the context of the pan-European historical process, which requires providing an updated course with appropriate educational and methodological literature.

Preservation of the museum heritage of Ukraine in the context of emphasizing national identity

The purpose of the study is to to show the need to preserve the museum heritage of Ukraine, to emphasize the importance of this process for Ukrainian national identity in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The methodology is based on the use of observation methods in relation to a wide set of data, specific facts; theoretical research method; the survey method, the method of systematic analysis of socio-economic phenomena, which made it possible to identify the main interrelationships and predict further development. The application of forecasting methods in the research will ensure the identification of prospects for the development of the museum business in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The facts of the destruction and looting of museum institutions since the beginning of the full-scale Russian aggression have been considered. The condition of some museums of Ukraine in war zones is described. During the study of the topic, an attempt was made to solve the following tasks: to highlight the most resonant examples of damage and destruction by the Russian occupiers of museum heritage objects in the specified period; analyze these examples through the prism of statistics, scientific articles and journalistic evaluations; consider the public outcry that arose in connection with the facts of the destruction and looting of museums in war zones. Conclusions. The protection of cultural heritage sites as material manifestations of the centuries-old history of the Ukrainian people has become one of the strategic directions in resisting enemy expansion. Effective protection of Ukrainian cultural objects should be based on the experience of countries that have faced similar challenges and on modern mechanisms of international law, according to which Ukrainian cultural heritage is an integral part of the world’s cultural heritage. Due to the impossibility of physical access, the protection of monuments in the temporarily occupied territories is limited to political statements, monitoring the situation and documenting crimes against cultural objects. The tactics of conducting hostilities taking into account the value of cultural heritage objects and obtaining basic knowledge on the protection of monuments by servicemen of NATO armies deserve special attention in the context of offensive operations of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО ЦИФРОВОГО ПІДПИСУ

During the first months of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the incomes of many enterprises plummeted practically to zero. However, businesses endured, and over the following 15 months, Ukraine saw the emergence of 41,000 new companies and 318,000 individual entrepreneurs. For individuals and legal entities, the use of electronic document workflow in war conditions has become the most convenient and modern format of communication with regulatory authorities. Since January 1, 2022, using fiscal cash registers (FCR) and programmed fiscal cash registers (PFCR) has become mandatory, leading to a sharp increase in the number of issued electronic signature certificates. Despite the state of war in Ukraine, further growth in their number can be anticipated, thus contributing to the further development of electronic document workflow.

Risks in Volunteer Activities during the War in Ukraine

The significant role of volunteer activities in social development and solving socially significant problems is recognized internationally and nationally. Now, volunteerism serves as an expression of civic maturity, contributing to stabilizing and regulating social relations. In the context of a full-scale war in Ukraine, the role of volunteering in providing the army with essential support is continuously increasing. However, volunteer activities are characterized by a high degree of risk in such circumstances. The article aims to analyze the risks of volunteer activities during the war in Ukraine. The article explores the fundamental features and directions of volunteer activities in Ukraine, including support for the army, assistance to internally displaced persons and refugees, and other relevant social issues. It identifies the transformation of the volunteer environment in the country from chaotic to structured and professional since the onset of the full-scale invasion. The article also highlights the challenges faced by volunteer organizations, including reduced aid volumes, volunteer safety issues, lack of coordination and effective control over donated property, and others. The paper analyzes the principal negative aspects of volunteer activities that may pose risks, including the expenditure of internal resources, globalization and hyperbolization of activities, elevated demands on the surrounding community, overestimation of one's significance, savior complex, object of aid incapacitation, and authoritarianism. It is noted that volunteerism can be particularly hazardous in terms of emotional burnout since volunteers need to provide not only their time and resources but also emotional support. Risks associated with postponing the right to enjoy life and immersing the volunteer in the role of a "savior" that can lead to alienation from others are also considered. In this regard, volunteerism may become a source of conflict. The article suggests ways to address the risks and negative aspects of volunteer activities in Ukraine's war conditions. Emphasis is placed on controlling emotions, motivation, and relationships; monitoring mental health; comparing assigned tasks with personal resources; realistically understanding one's capabilities; and not postponing essential moments. Keywords: volunteering, exhaustion, emotional burnout, savior complex, psyche, problems, risks.

Фінансова поведінка домогосподарств у контексті їх резильєнтного розвитку

The relevance of the article is related to the need to study the financial behavior of households as one of the factors of ensuring their resilient development in conditions of instability and uncertainty. In the conditions of war, the country’s financial market and the behavior of the subjects of financial relations are the epicenter of the country’s macroeconomic stability, which depends on the resilience of households to risky situations and the quality of life. The specified interrelationship will strengthen under the condition of active prejudice against poverty and state support of the population, which found itself in difficult life circumstances as a result of the war. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of financial behavior and financial instruments on the resilience of the country’s households in conditions of socio-economic instability and uncertain development prospects. The novelty of the work consists in identifying the peculiarities of the financial behavior of households, caused by the growth of wartime risks against the background of real opportunities and trends of their resilient development. The research is based on the use of various data sources and the application of a number of scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, selective observations). Modern financial behavior of households combines elements of various models — consumer, savings, investment, credit, insurance, charity, the relationships between which are transformed depending on the action of external and internal factors. In the conditions of war, the motives for forming one or another model of financial behavior of households change, in the choice of which they can be guided by the interests of preserving the status quo or increasing financial assets. The advantages of the saving behavior model of households as the most acceptable for resistance to wartime risks and threats and the transformation of labor income of the population into development investment resources are determined. Unlike most European countries, Ukraine is dominated by channels of unorganized savings of the population due to a low level of trust in banking structures, uncertainty in the future, and efforts to prevent the emergence of new financial risks. The transition to organized forms of savings of the population will ensure the resilience of economic development against the background of the stability of the financial and credit system of the state, trust in it by consumers of financial services. In this context, a sufficient level of profitability of financial instruments and financial literacy of the population are necessary. For its spread, it is necessary to achieve a sufficiently high level of income, rational consumption and possession of effective financial instruments against the background of trust in financial institutions.

Соціально-економічні виклики інтеграції та просторового розподілу внутрішньо переміщених осіб унаслідок війни

The full-scale Russian military aggression against Ukraine launched on February 24, 2022 has led to a massive flow of forced migrants, both external and internal, which is unprecedented and the most massive forced displacement in Europe since World War II. So far, there is a significant inequality of attention to the socio-economic needs of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees, because most activities of international institutions and scientific attention are devoted to the needs and study of refugees, while the needs of IDPs are often “ignored” or understudied in terms of disproportionate spatial distribution of IDPs, challenges of integration into host communities, problems of consolidation of IDPs and local population, etc. The analysis of the existing body of literature on Ukrainian IDPs showed that the study of their current socio-economic situation, problems with integration into host communities and features of spatial distribution is poorly represented for the period of a full-scale Russo-Ukrainian war against the background of a huge body of pre-2022 literature. Taking into account such an insignificant body of literature on post-2022 Ukrainian IDPs, the main tasks of this study are twofold: (1) to fill the gap and expand the spectrum of knowledge about the current socio-economic situation of Ukrainian IDPs and the key problems of their integration into host communities in the conditions of a full-scale Russo-Ukrainian war; (2) analyze positive and negative international practices of IDP integration and develop recommendations for Ukraine. This article is devoted to the analysis of trends and the identification of the main socio-economic challenges of the integration and spatial distribution of Ukrainian IDPs, as well as the development of proposals for using their migration potential for the resilient development of Ukraine and host communities. The novelty of the research lies in the highlighting of positive and negative international practices of IDP integration and, as a result, the necessity of forming long-term solutions regarding the urgent socio-economic needs of Ukrainian IDPs and their spatial placement is emphasized. The dataset of the study was formed on the basis of data from reports of various international organizations and data from official state statistics. To achieve the goal of the article, quantitative methods are used, in particular, descriptive statistics and ranking. It was established that in the global context, Ukraine ranks third in the world by the number of IDPs, and their number is almost 6 million people (7 times more than before the full-scale Russian invasion), which definitely impacts the course of global migration processes. In the national context, it was found that the pattern of the spatial distribution of IDPs within the country indicates that most IDPs gravitate to the regions where the role of the regional centre is performed by one of the five metropolises of Ukraine (not including temporarily occupied Donetsk) — Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Dnipro and Lviv, which are powerful socio-economic centres and flagships of the country’s settlement system. It was found that the biggest challenges for the socioeconomic integration of IDPs into host communities are high unemployment, financial difficulties in meeting basic needs, housing problems, social stigmatization, as well as conflicts between IDPs and the population of host communities. The analysis showed that the current situation with Ukrainian IDPs requires from the government of Ukraine and the authorities of the host communities not short-term, but longterm solutions to the urgent problems of IDPs: in particular, social housing and proper housing conditions, social protection, avoiding shameful international practices of spatial placement of IDPs and much more.

Legal regulation of combating child abduction in international family law

The obligation of states in accordance with the Convention on the Civil and Legal Aspects of International Child Abduction to carry out the immediate return of the child is not always effectively implemented due to the procedural defects of the Convention [1], which is confirmed by the practice of its application at the international level. Based on the analysis of the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights, some procedural gaps of the Hague Convention of 1980 [4] are investigated and ways to solve them are proposed. Today, in the conditions of war, solving the issue of child abduction is an urgent necessity not only in Ukraine, but in many European countries. Every year, the statistics of child abduction crimes are increasing in all countries of the world. The issue of non-implementation of foreign court decisions by countries is one of the biggest problems today. In order to fulfill the obligations imposed by the Convention of 1980, the states are obliged to create competent bodies and adopt legislation corresponding to the norms of the Convention. Actualization of children’s rights in the modern world is becoming one of the key tasks of every country. Application of international documents regulating procedural issues of cross-border child abduction in the countries of the European Union as an example for other countries. Regulation of the situation that provoked the international abduction of children also by the norms of international procedural law as an additional set of measures aimed at the fastest return of the child to his usual life, a simplified and shortened procedure for obtaining the status quo. There is an exclusive opinion in the world that in the absence of crimes related to the abduction or trafficking of children, relations regarding the return of children should be regulated only at the international level by concluding international treaties.

Creation of a Safe Educational Environment for Ukrainian Youth During War Conditions

Creation of a Safe Educational Environment for Ukrainian Youth During War Conditions

Ensuring Human Rights in Ukraine during Introduction of Martial Law: Constitutional and Administrative Aspect

The purpose of the article is to reveal provision of human rights in Ukraine under the conditions of martial law. Human rights and freedoms are the highest value, but their characteristic feature, as a fundamentally important feature of a progressive society consists in historical instability, variability and subordination to socio-economic processes in the state, which contradicts the established principles of humanism, but remains typical in war conditions. Within the scope of the scientific study, it was determined that human rights have a characteristic of evolution together with society and the state, and therefore, taking into account the complexity of the events taking place on the territory of modern Ukraine, study of the available range of problems  has a particularly important scientific and practical role. Study of the available range of problems was carried out using the methods of comparison, abstraction, analysis and generalization. In the course of the study, the essential characteristics of the social category were determined, in particular, the theoretical and methodological foundations of ensuring observance of human rights in conditions of martial law (the regulatory and legal basis). Summarizing the events taking place in Ukraine as a result of the treacherous armed aggression of the Russian Federation, it was concluded that under conditions of war human rights are the highest value.

Transitivity of the political consciousness of Ukrainians in the conditions of the russian-ukrainian war

In the context of russia's full-scale war against Ukraine, the issue of forming political consciousness becomes particularly relevant. Democratization of society is associated with changes in political consciousness and is its important and necessary condition. Complex socio-political, economic and international problems require citizens to understand and analyze the reality and processes taking place in society. The events and threats that modern Ukraine faces during the war lead to a change in political views and attitudes among the vast majority of citizens, which ensures the transitivity of the political consciousness of Ukrainians.

Культуротворческий потенциал искусства (по материалам русской и северокавказской поэзии первой половины XIX века)

The article is devoted to the study of art as a cultural phenomenon and, in particular, its cultural creative potential. This methodology of cognition of art implies its consideration as conditioned by the general cultural context. At the same time, the artistic image created by art absorbs not only the external, but also the internal, dictated always by the individual and subjective understanding of the author. The image created by the Artist’s creative consciousness is able to not coincide with the actual reality that gave rise to it. An artistic image can contain ideas and values that are ahead of reality and anticipate its future. The author has attempted to prove this position using the material of poetic images created by Russian and North Caucasian poetry of the first half of the XIX century. These images, created in the totally monologous conditions of the long Caucasian war, internally already contained the idea of humanism, which was so necessary at that dramatic time.

Reform of Decentralization of Power in Ukraine under Conditions of War: Legal Regulation, Management Features and Directions for Improvement

The purpose of the article is to reveal the reform of the decentralization of power in Ukraine under conditions of war. In the concept of the territorial community of Ukraine, ancient European traditions of Ukrainian local self-government and modern standards of the European Union have been successfully embodied. The productive interaction of citizens, the state, and international organizations contributed to formation of Ukrainian territorial communities. It has been proven that the personal income tax is one of the main sources of filling community budgets. For 9 months of 2022 local budgets of the Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine received 16,364,124 Ukrainian hryvnias (UAH) as personal income tax, which is 34% more than for the same period in 2021. Methodology:  The specifics of the research subject, as well as its purpose and tasks determined the use of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition. Stabilization and restoration of territorial communities in Ukraine require the introduction of a new three-level effective and transparent system of strategic planning: state strategy — regional strategies — community strategies. For restoration and stimulation of regional development strategizing should contain definition of the following four functional types of territories: territories of recovery, poles of economic growth, territories with special conditions for development, territories of sustainable development.  

Labor productivity in retail trade

In the conditions of the war and the post-war Urainian economic recovery, human capital is one of the determining factors of the state’s existence and ensuring its competitiveness. The loss of human capital has caused a shortage of labor resources in various sectors of the economy, which affects the possibilities of gene­rating income and, as a result, financial results of economic entities. One of the largest components of the Ukrainian economy, which fills the budgets of all levels and creates jobs, is retail trade, which accounts for a significant share of employees among all types of economic activity. The dependence of the revenue amount from the sale of products (goods, services) on the amount of use of economic resources, including labor resources, is widely known. In view of the need for post-war reconstruction against the background of a shortage of labor resources, the aim was set to verify the truth of the principles of the relationship between the scope of activities and the amount of resources used, formulated back in the days of neoclassical economics. Verification of the truth of the formulated hypotheses was carried out on the basis of the use of correlation methods and regression analysis. According to the calculation results, it was not possible to fully illustrate the direct proportional dependence of revenue on the average number of employees for the formed sample of retail trade enterprises. There is also a lack of direct relationship between revenue and labor productivity for both larger and smaller retail enterprises. Further research will be aimed at substantiating other samples of Ukrainian retail trade enterprises and finding interdependencies between their scope of acti­vity and the amount of economic resources involved in the conditions of war and post-war recovery.

Spatial imbalances of the economic development of Ukraine in war conditions: regional dimension

The article analyzes the transformation of the structure of the gross domestic product of Ukraine (by types of economic activity), which took place under the influence of full-scale armed aggression by the Russian Federation. Spatial imbalances in the performance indicators of the construction (in the field of residential and non-residential construction) and transport sectors of the national economy in the regional section are diagnosed. A detailed assessment of the dynamics of the volume of sold products of the Ukrainian processing industry, in particular, the metallurgical industry, was carried out. The vectors were established and the amount of changes in the dynamics of Ukraine's foreign economic operations, which caused a decrease in the ratio of commodity exports to imports, was calculated. The export specialization of the regions of Ukraine by main product groups was determined. Key trends in the formation and development of domestic export potential are outlined.